Global demographics are undergoing profound shifts through aging populations, declining fertility rates, evolving migration patterns, youth bulges, and rapid urbanization, which intersect with widening inequalities, economic vulnerabilities, strained health systems, and climate pressures. High-income countries face aging populations and shrinking workforces, while low- and middle-income countries manage growing youth populations requiring expanded infrastructure and employment. Strategic investments in human capital—including education, vocational training, and lifelong learning—alongside infrastructure supporting intergenerational integration can transform these challenges into opportunities for economic growth and inclusive social progress, as demonstrated by East Asia's demographic dividend in the late 20th century.

Aging populations in middle- and high-income countries create labor shortages and economic strain as younger workers support older populations amid rising healthcare costs and pension obligations. Healthcare systems must adapt to increasing non-communicable diseases and long-term care needs, while comprehensive strategies addressing housing, urban planning, and community well-being are essential for supporting aging individuals. Countries like Japan and Singapore offer valuable models through technology-assisted elder care and reskilling programs for older workers. The PMAC 2026 conference aims to identify actionable solutions through life course policies that address needs across all age demographics, showcasing evidence-based case studies that inspire policymakers to implement effective strategies for managing demographic transiti